That history in turn might have laid the foundation for an equitable present rather than an industry defined by entrenched sexism. In my alt-Hollywood fantasy, female and male filmmakers would have worked side by side, perhaps giving us unimagined stories and heroines. If film pioneers like Lois Weber and Alice Guy Blaché had continued, it’s possible that a radically different movie world might have emerged. By the late 1920s, women were largely shut out of directing in the American industry until the mid-1960s. The more I watched these films from the beginning of the 20th century, the more I began to think about the movie world - the Hollywood - that could have been. (The Blu-ray version has more titles.) Some of these movies were featured in a program at Brooklyn Academy of Music that ran in July, one of several surveys that this vital arts center has dedicated to forgotten and overlooked female directors.

You can find some of their work in “Pioneers: First Women Filmmakers,” a recently released DVD box set from Kino Lorber and the Library of Congress.

Some of the most inspiring films I watched this year were made by women who wore long skirts and high-button boots and couldn’t yet vote for president. Our chief film critics choose the films that moved them this year.

Best movies 2017 and 2018